Sweden vs Norway

Sweden and Norway shared a king under a single union from 1814 until Norway dissolved it peacefully in 1905 — one of the rare cases of a modern political union ending by negotiation rather than war.

🇸🇪 Sweden🇳🇴 Norway
CapitalStockholmOslo
ContinentEuropeEurope
Population10,600,0005,500,000
Area450,295 km²385,207 km²
CurrencySwedish KronaNorwegian Krone
Main languageSwedishNorwegian

Sweden's population is roughly 2× Norway's.

Norwegian and Swedish are close enough that most speakers can understand each other without translation, and both use the Scandinavian model of extensive social welfare funded by high taxation. The biggest structural difference is underground: Norway's North Sea oil and gas reserves fund a sovereign wealth fund worth well over a trillion dollars, while Sweden built its wealth on manufacturing, engineering and design instead.

The countries share a long land border running through Scandinavian mountains and forest, and reindeer herding by the Indigenous Sámi people continues on both sides of it much as it did before the border existed.